Vera L. S. Freitas

Abstract The thermal behaviour of bathophenanthroline and bathocuproine has been studied using several techniques, namely, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry. To determine their respective enthalpies of sublimation, vapor pressure measurements were carried out using different methods, such as Knudsen effusion mass loss/mass spectrometry, isothermal thermogravimetry, and a quartz crystal microbalance technique. Furthermore, the enthalpies of sublimation were determined by measuring the heat change of the sublimation process using high-temperature Calvet microcalorimetry. The results obtained in this work allowed the determination of the standard molar enthalpies of sublimation at 298.15 K, for bathophenanthroline and bathocuproine. The values obtained were (183.8 +/- 2.2) kJ & sdot;mol- 1 and (206.2 +/- 2.8) kJ & sdot;mol- 1, respectively. Additionally, the standard molar enthalpies of fusion were determined to be (30.4 +/- 0.4) kJ & sdot;mol- 1 and (26.5 +/- 1.6) kJ & sdot;mol- 1 for bathophenanthroline and bathocuproine, respectively. The analysis of the results allows a deeper understanding of the phase transition behavior for these compounds from the condensed to the gaseous phases, elucidating molecular decomposition and the inherent intermolecular forces governing the species.

Abstract This study presents the first investigation of the sublimation behavior of tin tetraiodide, SnI4, 4 , using effusion- based techniques, within a low temperature range (313-340) K. The temperature range covered in the experiments was lower than in previously reported studies based on static methods. Knudsen Effusion Mass Loss (KEML) measurements were performed in the range of (317.1-339.6) K using effusion cells with different orifice sizes. The vapor pressures were measured in the range (0.13-1.13) Pa and were found to be independent of the orifice size. The standard molar enthalpy and Gibbs energy of sublimation at 298.15 K obtained by the Clarke and Glew fit of experimental data are (88.1 +/- 0.9) kJ & sdot;mol-1 & sdot; mol- 1 and (38.96 +/- 0.08) kJ & sdot;mol-1, & sdot; mol- 1 , respectively. Knudsen Effusion Mass Spectrometry (KEMS) experiments were also performed in the range (313.3-331.7) K, resulting in a sublimation enthalpy value in good agreement with the KEML values and not negligibly higher vapor pressure values. KEMS vapor pressure data were also analyzed by the third-law method. A comparison of our experimental results with the literature data available for both sublimation and evaporation properties of SnI4 4 is reported. Additionally, ancillary DFT and ab initio calculations were performed to estimate the molecular properties of SnI4(g) 4 (g) and the extent of the gas-phase dissociation to SnI2 2 and I2. 2 .

Abstract The thermochemical study of the 1,3-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene (NCB) and 1,4-bis(diphenylamino)benzene (DAB) involved the combination of combustion calorimetric (CC) and thermogravimetric techniques. The molar heat capacities over the temperature range of (274.15 to 332.15) K, as well as the melting temperatures and enthalpies of fusion were measured for both compounds by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The standard molar enthalpies of formation in the crystalline phase were calculated from the values of combustion energy, which in turn were measured using a semi-micro combustion calorimeter. From the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the rate of mass loss as a function of the temperature was measured, which was then correlated with Langmuir's equation to derive the vaporization enthalpies for both compounds. From the combination of experimental thermodynamic parameters, it was possible to derive the enthalpy of formation in the gaseous state of each of the title compounds. This parameter was also estimated from computational studies using the G3MP2B3 composite method. To prove the identity of the compounds, the H-1 and C-13 spectra were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and the Raman spectra of the study compounds of this work were obtained.

Abstract Combined experimental and computational studies were performed aiming the analysis of energetic properties vs structural characteristics of three methyl nitrobenzoate isomers (methyl 2-nitrobenzoate, M2NB, methyl 3-nitro benzoate, M3NB, methyl 4-nitrobenzoate, M4NB). The experimental studies include the determination of the enthalpy of formation in the condensed state (crystal and liquid) of the compounds by static combustion, and the determination of enthalpies of phase transition, using Differential Scanning Calorimetry, high temperature Calvet microcalorimetry and the Knudsen effusion method. These data were combined to derive the enthalpy of formation of the methyl nitrobenzoate isomers in the gaseous phase, at T = 298.15 K. At the computational level, the gas-phase enthalpy of formation of the methyl nitrobenzoate isomers were estimated using theoretical approaches, resorting to the G3(MP2)//B3LYP composite method and to appropriate hypothetical gas-phase reactions. The enthalpies of formation obtained experimental and computationally will be discussed and the energetic structural synergies for the three methyl nitrobenzoate, along with other analogous isomers, will be also analyzed.

Abstract The gas-phase enthalpies of formation of two fragrance compounds, methyl anthranilate and butyl anthranilate, at T = 298.15 K, were determined from the combination of the corresponding enthalpies of vaporisation and energies of combustion, obtained from Calvet microcalorimetry and combustion calorimetry measurements, respectively. Additionally, theoretical calculations were performed, using the G3(MP2)//B3LYP composite method, to estimate the gas-phase enthalpies of formation of the two fragrance compounds. The good agreement between the experimental and computational gas-phase enthalpies of formation of the methyl anthranilate and butyl anthranilate, provided the confidence for extending the theoretical study to propyl anthranilate. Furthermore, the results were interpreted in terms of enthalpic increments, aiming to evaluate and understand the energetic effect inherent to the alkyl group (methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl) present in the ester functional group of the anthranilate derivatives. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd.